September 2025, Issue 9 (855)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

BULLETIN OF ENERGOPOMIAR

Tomasz Słupik
Ready for the energy transformation

Marek Komarzyniec, Grzegorz Piekarski
Selected aspects of modelling the operation of power generating modules – requirements and implementation

Jerzy Mazurek
Improving the energy efficiency of wet gas cleaning systems

Marta Kowal, Wojciech Szulik, Magdalena Winkler
Waste derived fuels as an essential element of energy transition

Janusz Skwara
Possibilities of using electrodialysis reversal (EDR) in the process of water recovery from industrial wastewater for technological purposes.
Pilot testing experience

Marta Smal-Potempa, Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
Ammonium nitrogen removal from wastewater from the Flue Gas Desulphurization Plant by transmembrane chemisorption.
Theory and practice – lessons learned from pilot testing

Magdalena Skrzyńska
Climate risk evaluation using different methods: ISO standards and expert methods

Robert Sic
Risk management in power industry: how to respond to new challenges

 

Jerzy Piotr Bednarek
Framework schedule for the construction of the Central Communication Port (CPK) within 6 years

 

THROUGH THE EYE OF A WORLD TRAVELER

Stefan Gierlotka
Energy in Brazil

 

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SUMMARIES 

 

Marek Komarzyniec, Grzegorz Piekarski
Selected aspects of modelling the operation of power generating modules – requirements and implementation
The article presents the current requirements and standards for modelling power systems in the context of integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid. The European regulations, and in particular the Network Code on Requirements for Grid Connection of Generators (NC RfG), are discussed which set out the obligation to provide and validate simulation models of new power generating modules. The authors analyse both models provided by manufacturers and general models compliant with IEC 61400-27-1, indicating their use in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment. The article emphasizes the importance of iterative modelling process, including testing, comparison with the measured data and parameter correction, as a key element to ensure reliable and safe operation of the electric power system. 

 

Jerzy Mazurek
Improving the energy efficiency of wet gas cleaning systems
The article presents possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of wet gas cleaning systems, focusing on the main component of the absorber and its spray systems. Based on the absorption model and the selected factors affecting electricity consumption by circulation pumps, an example of optimization derived from the analysis of emission limits compared to reserves provided by the system is discussed. The proposed optimization of electricity consumption using both the analytical system which takes into account the absorption model and the current analysis of measured average emission can be implemented in particular due to presently observed characteristics of operation of power units, where low load operation below the designed performance assumptions prevails. The optimization of this kind does not require any essential investment expenditure.

 

Marta Kowal, Wojciech Szulik, Magdalena Winkler
Waste derived fuels as an essential element of energy transition
The article presents the importance of fuels produced from various types of waste (Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)) as alternative fuels that can be used in power, heating and cement sectors in the context of energy transition and the circular economy (CE). The article highlights the growing role of alternative fuels in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of waste sent to landfill. The advantages of waste derived fuels are indicated. The article also underlines the role of waste derived fuels in increasing energy independence and improving resource efficiency, which is in line with the striving for sustainability and a modern, low-carbon economy.

 

Janusz Skwara
Possibilities of using electrodialysis reversal (EDR) in the process of water recovery from industrial wastewater for technological purposes. Pilot testing experience
The article presents the principle of electrodialysis reversal technology and the requirements for quality parameters of water supplied to EDR modules. Pilot testing carried out by Energopomiar in the scope of wastewater treatment using EDR technology and other membrane technologies is discussed. The article shows the system of technological lines and provides the range of controlled operating parameters of the installation and tested physical chemical parameters of feed water, dilute and concentrate. The efficiency of wastewater desalination for the selected quality parameters is discussed. Moreover, the article includes the assessment of the possibility of using EDR technology in the process of water recovery for technological purposes.

 

Marta Smal-Potempa, Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
Ammonium nitrogen removal from wastewater from the Flue Gas Desulphurization Plant by transmembrane chemisorption. Theory and practice – lessons learned from pilot testing
The article presents the results of laboratory and pilot testing which confirm the possibility of recovery of ammonium nitrogen (NNH4) from wastewater from the Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Plant (Wet FGD Plant) by transmembrane chemisorption. In this process hydrophobic membranes are used to selectively transfer gaseous ammonia which then reacts with acid and forms ammonium salts which can be liquid fertilizers. Multistage preparation of wastewater is of key importance for meeting critical parameters of the membranes. The pilot testing results confirm the ability of the membranes to chemisorb after long-term use. It is recommended to use sulphur acid as a stable absorbent allowing production of pure ammonium sulphate. The potential of implementing the technology an industrial scale is confirmed. 

 

Magdalena Skrzyńska
Climate risk evaluation using different methods: ISO standards and expert methods
Climate risk refers to threats due to climate changes which can have a negative impact on the economy, society and environment. A rising temperature which leads to extreme weather phenomena gives rise to serious challenges for companies. Therefore, climate risk assessment has become a basic tool for supporting decision-making processes in organizations and is an essential element of strategic management. Companies which fail to undertake adaptation measures risk losing their competitiveness, reputation and, in extreme cases, even their ability to operate. Climate risk classification has been developed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and is widely used, among others, in European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ERSR), the EU Taxonomy and other programs or initiatives. Climate risk can be analysed using different tools such as PN-EN ISO 14091 or the TCFD recommendations.

 

Robert Sic
Risk management in power industry: how to respond to new challenges
Dynamic changes in the power sector environment, including pressure relating to energy transition, climate challenges, geopolitical hazards, problems with service and personnel availability and also cyber threats, are enforcing a new approach to risk management. The article concisely describes current risks in energy projects. Cyclicality of risks during the investment implementation and importance of effective claims management are presented. The author underlines the necessity of implementing an integrated and adaptive risk management system as a key factor for successful investment. 

 

Jerzy Piotr Bednarek
Framework schedule for the construction of the Central Communication Port (CPK) within 6 years
This article concludes a series of publications on the Central Communication Port. It provides cost and time data for the implementation of this massive investment between 2022 and 2031. The schedule is presented in order of projected time and cost for the construction of the CPK, along with commentary on its current status.