May 2024, Issue 5 (839)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Marcin Popkiewicz
NCBR’s Zero-emission Energy System Symulator
Mateusz Szablicki, Hubert Białas, Marcin Niedopytalski, Piotr Rzepka
400 kV synchronous connection between Poland and Ukraine via the Rzeszów-Chmielnicka line – selected simulation analyses of transient states during switching operations
POWER ENGINEERING AND LIGHTING TECHNIQUE
Małgorzata Zalesińska
Light pollution and its negative effects on humans and the environment
Przemysław Tabaka, Sylwester Kołomański
Impact of modernisation of outdoor lighting on the potential increase in night sky brightness
Krzysztof Wandachowicz
Guidelines of the Ministry of Infrastructure on road lighting
THROUGH THE EYE OF A WORLD TRAVELER
Stefan Gierlotka
Power engineering in Indonesia
OVERTIME LECTURE….
Bogumił Dudek
Energy transformation analytically
SUMMARIES
Marcin Popkiewicz
NCBR’s Zero-emission Energy System Symulator
This article describes the Energy System Simulator developed as part of a project by the National Centre for Research and Development – a web-based, easy-to-use tool that allows to see how a fully electrified energy system with a given level of demand and capacities of energy sources ‘pans out’. The simulator takes into account all high-potential energy sources in Poland (wind, PV, NPPs and biomass) and all sectors of the economy, including electrified transport and heat in buildings and industry, as well as hydrogen production for sectors that cannot be directly electrified. Electricity production by weather-dependent sources (wind, PV) is based on actual weather data and operating profiles from 2015 to 2023. Demand is based on actual demand in 2023 and heating needs for actual temperatures for the selected year of analysis. The methodology for obtaining this data is described in the appendices. In the paper, after an introduction to the key assumptions of the simulator, analyses are carried out in turn:
• the feasibility of supplying currently electrified economic sectors with weather-dependent sources with the support of dispatchable gas-fired power plants (ultimately running on bioCH4 and/or H2) – in scenarios without and with electricity storage
• intermediate scenarios with electrification of other economic sectors, expansion of energy source capacity and improvement of energy efficiency
• scenarios covering additionally sectors hard to electrify directly, also introducing low-temperature heat storage for buildings and high-temperature heat storage for industry and demand-side management – with 100% RES options and several GW of nuclear power plants.
Mateusz Szablicki, Hubert Białas, Marcin Niedopytalski, Piotr Rzepka
400 kV synchronous connection between Poland and Ukraine via the Rzeszów-Chmielnicka line – selected simulation analyses of transient states during switching operations
The paper presents selected results of simulation studies of electromagnetic transients on the Rzeszów-Chmielnicka line, which is the 400 kV synchronous interconnection between the power transmission systems of Poland and Ukraine. The operating conditions of the objects and equipment of this interconnection accompanying the switching operations were analyzed. The studies were carried out to support the process of commissioning the interconnection using the existing 750 kV Rzeszów-Chmielnicka transmission line. This was necessary in order to ensure safe operation of the interconnection in normal and fault conditions. The paper presents the results of selected simulations.
Małgorzata Zalesińska
Light pollution and its negative effects on humans and the environment
Light pollution is the disruption of the environment through the excessive and inappropriate use of electric light at night. Electric lighting, especially outdoor lighting that is poorly designed and improperly operated, has a negative impact on the entire ecosystem. It disrupts the natural diurnal cycle of both humans, animals and plants. It makes it difficult and sometimes even impossible to observe the night sky. It results in far-reaching climatic and economic consequences. Currently, there are no legal regulations to limit light pollution. The requirements and recommendations of Polish standards for limiting light pollution are not mandatory.
Przemysław Tabaka, Sylwester Kołomański
Impact of modernisation of outdoor lighting on the potential increase in night sky brightness
One of the adverse effects of external lighting is the increase in the brightness of the night sky. This phenomenon causes serious difficulties in conducting astronomical observations. Furthermore, it negatively affects how society as a whole perceives the night sky, which is a cultural heritage of humanity. The process of progressively replacing discharge lamps in outdoor lighting with LED sources may have a significant impact on this phenomenon. In order to assess it quantitatively, an analysis of the impact of LED sources on the perceived brightness of the night sky was conducted. The results indicate that most LED sources lead to increase of a perceived brightness of the sky compared to sodium lamps. An exception is LED sources with CCT < 3000 K, which allow the night sky to be preserved in a state no worse than the current one.
Krzysztof Wandachowicz
Guidelines of the Ministry of Infrastructure on road lighting
The article describes the requirements for road lighting. Selected provisions of the PN-EN 13201:2016 Road lighting standard and the guidelines of the Ministry of Infrastructure were presented.
