July 2023, Issue 7 (829)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Mariusz Lewandowski, Stanisław Lewandowski, Janusz Steller, Katarzyna Trojanowska
Conditions, Requirements, and Directions of Development for the Pumped-Storage Power Plants in Poland
Halina Olejniczak, Teresa Buchacz, Bożena Bednarska
Introduction of chromatography as the research method for transformer diagnostics and its development over fifty years
Tomasz Puszczało, Karol Sówka
Application of MES analysis for designing of round flat end caps
POWER ENGINEERING AND PRODUCTION COMPANIES
Agnieszka Piotrowska
Prepared for the future. Polish nuclear power industry
POWER ENGINEERING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Małgorzata Zalesińska, Krzysztof Wandachowicz
Lighting of pedestrian crossings – requirements, implementation, measurement verification
SEP. EVENTS, FACTS, FEEDBACK
Tomasz Rusek
54. Competition for the best diploma thesis in electrical engineering at the Silesian University of Technology
Dawid Gorgoń, Rafał Setlak
Home PV systems – cooperation of hybrid and grid inverters
THROUGH THE EYE OF A WORLD TRAVELER
Stefan Gierlotka
Power engineering in Namibia
OVERTIME LECTURE…
Bogumił Dudek
Black Horse
SUMMARIES
Mariusz Lewandowski, Stanisław Lewandowski, Janusz Steller, Katarzyna Trojanowska
Conditions, Requirements, and Directions of Development for the Pumped-Storage Power Plants in Poland
This paper refers to the Report of the Expert Team appointed by the Prime Minister (Ordinance of the Prime Minister No. 351/2021) published in December 2022, entitled: The Role of Pumped-Storage Power Plants in the National Energy System: Conditions and Directions of Development”. The authors of the paper point to the incomplete diagnosis presented in the Report, concerning the current role and use of the pumped-storage hydropower plants in the National Energy System. Since the Report indicates Młoty as a priority project for the development of pumped-storage energy in Poland, the paper mentions the more than fifty-year history of the construction of this power plant, suspended or revived in the rhythm of political and social turns. Justifications for subsequent actions reaching back to studies selected “according to the thesis” led to the ineffective spending of significant funds. This example shows the desirability of long-term planning in the energy sector and links these plans with the development of other sectors of the economy. The authors of the paper indicate risks which may arise from the achievement of the objectives set out in the report in connection with the very broad investment front proposed therein, especially in connection with plans in other areas of the energy sector (generation, transmission grid). They also emphasize that some of the plans, especially regarding the storage capacity needed by the energy sector, can be implemented relatively quickly and at a much lower cost by changing the work regime or modernizing the existing hydropower plants.
Keywords: Report entitled: “The Role of Pumped-Storage Power Plants in the National Energy System: Conditions and Directions of Development”, diagnosis concerning the current role and use of the pumped-storage hydropower plants in the National Energy System, Młoty Power Plant
Halina Olejniczak, Teresa Buchacz, Bożena Bednarska
Introduction of chromatography as the research method for transformer diagnostics and its development over fifty years
This article discusses the genesis of the use, in the field of energetics (in the national scale), of chromatic analysis of gas emitted by transformers dissolved in oil. Their purpose is to sense and recognize inner damage. The adaptation of this method was presented in detail, in Poland of the early 1970s. It took place in the ZPBE Energy measurement Laboratory. Its development over the years was conditioned by technological progress and access to the machinery, moving up to the present. Nowadays this research constitutes the base for present-day technical diagnostics. Not only does it concern transformer units, but also other energetic machines. Documenting the process enables a Reader to see the perspective of further transformation for the development of this method, especially during the constant technological progress concerning both the machinery, and more precise result interpretation.
Keywords: Gas Chromatography, Research Method for Transformer Diagnostics, DGA Lab
Tomasz Puszczało, Karol Sówka
Application of MES analysis for designing of round flat end caps
One of the NDT tests which aim is to confirm the system tightness is the pressure test. In order to carry out such test it is necessary to prepare fittings for blinding the pipeline, including flat end caps which are the subject of this article. The described application of MES calculations enables to check the accuracy of the accepted gemetry of a flat end cap reinforced with four ribs. MES calculations for rib-reinforced end caps allow greater flexibility in application of various materials and optimisation of pressure elements geometry. Shown are similarities between methods of round flat end caps calculations carried out with the use of three different standards.
Keywords: optimisation of pressure elements geometry, MES analysis for designing of round flat end caps, pressure test
Małgorzata Zalesińska, Krzysztof Wandachowicz
Lighting of pedestrian crossings – requirements, implementation, measurement verification
A large proportion of accidents involving pedestrians occur at pedestrian crossings. One of the causes of accidents is an incorrect pedestrian crossing lighting or a complete absence of such one. The European standard for road lighting does not expressely state any specific requirements. However, each country tries to create its own system of requirements and the assessment of a correct pedestrian crossing lighting. Measurement procedures and required lighting values often differ considerably in various countries. The article presents lighting guidelines adopted in our country and lighting requirements applied in two countries neighbouring Poland. Moreover, presented are the results of measurements carried out at selected pedestrian crossings with the use of two different measurement grids. Assessed is also the quality of lighting at these tested crossings.
Keywords: pedestrian crossing lighting, pedestrian crossing lighting requirements, pedestrian crossing lighting quality measurements, pedestrian visibility, pedestrian safety in a road traffic, road lighting
Dawid Gorgoń, Rafał Setlak
Home PV systems – cooperation of hybrid and grid inverters
Presented are the most important results of laboratory tests carried out as part of the MA thesis “Home PV systems – cooperation of hybrid and grid inverters” developed at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology in the years 2022-2023. As a component of this work the possibilities of mutual cooperation between selected PV installation on-grid type inverters with the hybrid ones were experimentally investigated. At the next stages of the study it was checked whether it would be possible, in a home electrical installation with two inverters (a standard one and a hybrid one equipped with an energy store) and at the moment when the hybrid inverter detects surplus energy in the building (bigger than its actual energy generation), for the energy to flow backwards through the input of the on-grid hybrid inverter and ultimately find its way to the energy store? One of the tests consisted in checking what would happen if some on-grid inverters were connected to the backup output of a hybrid inverter i.e would the grid, created by the hybrid inverter in case of a network power loss, activate the rest of standard inverters and how would then the whole system behave? Checked was also whether the hybrid inverter would, independently on the character of a receiver working in an island operation mode, reliably supply power to all receivers.
Keywords: PV systems, cooperation of PV installation on-grid type inverters with hybrid inverters
